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Social Issues
Social Issues
Data published by the United Nations showed the Gini index for Uruguay to be 0.449 in 2003.
A score of 1.000 on this scale would constitute maximum inequality between social classes, and a score of 0.000 would constitute an even distribution of wealth.
A recent report used 2 indicators to estimate the number of people living in poverty in the country.
Indigence line: income of the family is not enough for the basic food consumption.
Poverty line: income of the family is not enough for food consumption, clothing, health and transport.
The numbers obtained depends according with the methodology used, the inform uses 3 different methods.
According to the one proposed by the Regional Workshop about poverty measurement in 1996, which produces the highest values of all, the results for the first quarter of 2006 are: .
Population below Indigence line: 3.01% .
Population below Poverty line: 18% .
The reports shows the indicators are improving as the country is recovering from the last 2002 crisis; in 2004, poverty indicators reached an all time high.
A new ministry of Social Development was created by the Broad Front (Uruguay) (Frente Amplio) government led by Tabare Vazquez, and an Emergency plan which targets the less favoured 200.000 Uruguayans.
The average income of a woman in 2002 in Uruguay was 71.8% of the income of men for the same activity.
The average income of African heritage workers is 65% of that of those of European heritage.
Although rents in neighborhoods not in high demand are not very expensive in Uruguay, another property is usually required as a warranty for the contract, or a deposit which many cannot afford.
This first condition makes renting a property especially difficult for the least favored sectors of the population.
According to the INE, 23.3% of the population lives in a place neither owned nor rented.
Some of them are proper built houses, but others are precarious constructions built illegally in public or private empty land just outside the cities.
Thus, whole new poor neighborhoods have emerged in the last decades.
They are called Asentamientos or more colloquially Cantegriles in ironic allusion to the fashionable Neighborhood of Cantegril in Punta del Este.
The phenomenon is similar to the Favelas in Brazil, Villas Miseria in Argentina, Barrios in Venezuela, Arrabales in Spain, Poblaciones Callampa in Chile or Jacales in Mexico.
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